England is one of the four "home nations" that make up the United Kingdom. It is the largest of them, both in terms of surface area and population (about 50 million inhabitants out of about 60 million). On the island of Great Britain, Scotland sits to the north of England and Wales is to the west. Northern Ireland (also part of the UK) and the Republic of Ireland lie across the Irish Sea to west of England (and Wales. France and the Channel Islands are across the English Channel to the south, and to the east is The North Sea.  

England can be divided most generally into three sections, with deep historical and linguistic roots for each of them. These can be further divided into regions, which in turn consist of counties (most of which also have long histories, but have been revised in many cases for administrative reasons).

The South of England is roughly the area south of the River Thames and the Bristol Channel.  London, a vast and diverse metropolitan region to itself, the capital city of both England and the United Kingdom, and a global capital of finance, fashion and culture.  South East, broadly speaking, the area around and south of London, including the territory along the English Channel.  The West Country, the often-rugged peninsula extending southwest into the Atlantic and adjoining counties. 

The English Midlands is the part of England east of Wales and across to the North Sea.  East Anglia, largely low-lying territory northeast of London.  The East Midlands, the geographic center of England, and reaching to the North Sea.  The West Midlands, the industrial and rural area east of Wales.  

The North of England is anywhere north of the Mersey and Humber rivers.   Yorkshire, regarded as one of the most scenic, varied and interesting of all the traditional counties.  The North West, major industrial cities and breathtaking scenery between Wales and Scotland.  The North East, the urbanised areas of Teesside and Tyne and Wear and sparsely populated borders with Scotland.

Among the largest cities in England are  London - the capital city of both England and the United Kingdom, a vast metropolitan area, and a global capital of finance, fashion and culture; Birmingham - the UK's second largest city (by population) is located in the industrial heartland and many attractions for the traveler. It is a cultural, sporting, entertainment, shopping and media hub; Bristol - largest city in South England (after London), vibrant music scene, lovely historic buildings and an attractive waterfront; Brighton - Victorian seaside resort turned into one of the major nightlife entres of Europe; Liverpool - Famed nautical city and home of the Beatles. (European capital of culture 2008); Manchester - a cultural, sporting, entertainment, shopping and media hub. The UK's second largest city by metropolitan area, but its third largest by population; Nottingham - home of Robin Hood and Nottingham Castle; Newcastle upon Tyne - a thriving northern city with world-famous nightlife; and York - ancient capital of Yorkshire, with Roman, Viking and Medieval remains.

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